Abordagem sistêmica, coalizões e territórios contribuições teóricas para a análise das transições sustentáveis em sistemas agroalimentares
Conteúdo do artigo principal
Resumo
O artigo caracteriza a questão alimentar como problema complexo. Esta definição serve de base ao exame das teorias predominantes na análise dos sistemas agroalimentares feita na primeira parte do texto. Além de apresentar esquematicamente os principais campos explicativos, argumenta-se pela necessidade de enfoques integradores, baseados na complementaridade entre teorias. A segunda parte analisa como tem sido abordado o tema da transição para outra configuração desses sistemas, orientada pela busca de maior sustentabilidade, demonstrando que: i) abordagens sistêmicas são imprescindíveis, pois são as únicas que conferem aos sistemas naturais papel ativo, embora não tratem com distinção o papel da agência humana na conformação destes sistemas; ii) por isso, o segundo componente de uma abordagem promissora das transições deve ser buscado na literatura institucionalista, em especial no conceito de coalizões, e em especial o papel das coalizões amplas e plurais, o que explica a emergência de instituições inclusivas e alinhadas ao bem-estar de setores mais amplos das sociedades; iii) as abordagens territoriais representam uma possibilidade de combinação profícua com as duas anteriores, ao tomarem o território como espaço no qual dinâmicas multiescalares se concretizam e cuja unidade é dada justamente pelas interdependências entre sistemas sociais localizados e os sistemas naturais dos quais dependem. A adoção de modelos interpretativos baseados em certa pluralidade conceitual é crucial para contornar limites de cada uma das teorias, isoladamente, e para ampliar seu potencial explicativo. Para isso, exercícios futuros terão que equacionar um conjunto de temas sensíveis destacados na parte final do texto.
Detalhes do artigo
Referências
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